Short answer: for an Android-first app, especially one with India-heavy, tier-2 traffic, Linkrunner is the strongest fit in 2026: it reads the Play Install Referrer deterministically, makes every link a deferred deep link by default, and charges $0.012 down to $0.007 per attributed install (₹1.20 down to ₹0.80) after 25k free installs. AppsFlyer, Adjust and Singular are the safer picks if you need the widest global partner list and can absorb per-conversion or quote-only pricing at Android volumes.
Android-first apps break MMP economics in a way iOS-first apps rarely do. Installs are plentiful and cheap, revenue per user is often low, and the measurement bill is priced per conversion. In Linkrunner's own India dataset of around 77 startups and 25M installs, nearly 9 in 10 installs were on Android, so the platform you pick has to be excellent at Android first and adequate at iOS second, not the other way round.
We build Linkrunner, so it sits first on this list. Every competitor figure below comes from that vendor's own pricing or help pages, checked on 29 October 2026.
What makes Android attribution different?
A mobile measurement partner on Android leans on signals iOS does not have:
- The Google Play Install Referrer. A Play API that returns the referrer string, UTM parameters and click ID attached to an install. It is the backbone of deterministic Android attribution, and the easiest thing to break in an SDK setup. Our Android attribution SDK setup guide walks through it.
- The GAID. Still available on most Android devices, subject to user opt-out and consent.
- Fast resolution. Across around 250k matched click-install pairs on Linkrunner, the median click-to-install time was roughly 2 minutes on Android against roughly 40 minutes on iOS.
- Deferred deep links that depend on the referrer. On Android, deferred deep linking usually carries the destination through the install referrer. What Android 14 changed for deferred deep links covers the failure modes, and Android App Links not working covers the assetlinks.json and autoVerify problems that send users to the browser instead of the app.
Where does Privacy Sandbox on Android stand?
Google built the Privacy Sandbox on Android, including an Attribution Reporting API, to reduce reliance on the GAID. In October 2025 Google announced it was retiring several Privacy Sandbox technologies, the Attribution Reporting API among them. In practice that means:
- The deterministic path still carries Android attribution. Install Referrer plus GAID, where consent allows, is what every MMP on this list relies on today.
- The planning advice has not changed. Keep event schemas portable, do not rip out working setups, and ask your MMP what its plan is if Google ships a new privacy framework. Our Privacy Sandbox explainer covers the background.
- SKAN is the iOS-only problem. If iOS is a small slice of your installs, you still need SKAN support, but it should not drive the decision.
The 6 best MMPs for Android-first apps, ranked
| Rank | MMP | Free entry point | Paid pricing (published) | Deferred deep linking | Best for |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Linkrunner | 25k one-time attributed installs, every feature | $0.012 down to $0.007 per attributed install (₹1.20 to ₹0.80) | Included, on by default for every link | India-heavy, tier-2, high-volume Android apps |
| 2 | AppsFlyer | 12k conversions in the first 12 months (Zero is not for paid activity) | Growth $0.07 per conversion; Enterprise custom | Growth and Enterprise only | Apps that need the largest partner ecosystem |
| 3 | Adjust | Base: up to 1.5k conversions a month for 12 months | Core and Enterprise quote-only | Included; TrueLink is a paid add-on | Global apps wanting an established vendor |
| 4 | Singular | 15k paid conversions | Growth $0.05 per conversion; Enterprise custom | Included from Free | Teams running many paid networks |
| 5 | Branch | Free trial on Basics, no free plan | Intro $39 a month; Basics and above quote-only | Core strength | Deep-linking-first teams |
| 6 | Kochava | Free App Analytics: 10k conversions a month, self-attributing networks only | Foundation from $500 a month (33k conversions) | SmartLinks on Free | Omnichannel, including CTV |
1. Linkrunner: built for Android-first, India-heavy traffic
Linkrunner is an India-built MMP that puts attribution, deep linking and campaign analytics in one SDK.
- Android fit: deterministic Play Install Referrer matching first, with IP and user-agent matching only as a fallback when no deterministic signal exists. Every link is a deferred deep link by default, with App Links and branded short links.
- Pricing: 25k one-time free attributed installs with no expiry, then pay as you go, postpaid, with no annual lock-in. One rate applies to the whole month, set by that month's volume.
- Included on every plan: fraud protection, SKAN, deferred deep links, unlimited seats, and raw exports, API and webhooks without extra fees.
- India channels: Jio Ads alongside Meta, Google and TikTok, plus rupee invoicing.
- Support: from the engineers who build the product, over email, call, WhatsApp and Slack.
- What it does not do: incrementality testing, media mix modelling and data clean rooms. Its ad-network list is shorter than AppsFlyer's.
Best for: Android-first apps buying installs at volume in India and similar markets, where cost per install decides whether tier-2 campaigns stay profitable.
2. AppsFlyer: the largest ecosystem, priced per conversion
AppsFlyer is the category default and has the deepest partner marketplace.
- Plans: Zero (free), Growth (pay as you go) and Enterprise (custom). Zero and Growth include 12k free conversions to use within the first 12 months.
- The catch on Zero: AppsFlyer marks it "Not suitable for apps with paid activities", and its plan grid shows no deferred deep linking and no ad-network partners on Zero.
- Growth: $0.07 per conversion after the welcome package. A conversion includes re-engagements and re-attributions; organic installs are free.
Best for: Android apps with large paid budgets across many global networks, where breadth matters more than the per-conversion rate.
3. Adjust: established vendor, quote-only above the free tier
Adjust is owned by AppLovin and is one of the two category leaders.
- Free Base plan: up to 1.5k monthly conversions for up to 12 months, with English email-only support.
- Paid plans: Core and Enterprise are volume-based and quote-only.
- Deep linking: direct and deferred deep linking are listed for all plans; TrueLink, Smart Banners and the Fraud Prevention Suite are paid add-ons on Core and Enterprise.
Best for: global apps that want an established vendor and can negotiate a contract. See our Adjust alternatives for Indian app marketers for the reverse view.
4. Singular: generous free tier, attribution plus cost aggregation
- Free plan: $0, no card, 15k paid conversions (the period is not stated on the page), including attribution, deep linking and deferred deep linking, fraud prevention, SKAN and APIs.
- Growth: $0.05 per conversion, with the option to pay by ad spend instead. Enterprise is custom.
Best for: performance teams running many paid networks who want spend and attribution in one view.
5. Branch: deep linking first
- Pricing: the current page lists Basics, Essentials and Enterprise with no published prices and a free trial on Basics rather than a free plan.
- Limits: Basics is capped at 3 ad partners, 3 webhooks and 3 postbacks, without fraud reporting or cohort and LTV reports.
Best for: teams whose main job is routing users into the app, with attribution as a secondary need. Our Branch alternatives post compares the options.
6. Kochava: published tiers, limited free attribution
- Free App Analytics: 10k attributed conversions a month, but paid attribution covers self-attributing networks only, with 30-day data retention.
- Foundation: from $500 a month for 33k conversions, with all integrated partners. Enterprise starts at $2k a month.
Best for: omnichannel measurement, such as CTV.
A note on Firebase
Firebase Dynamic Links shut down on 25 August 2025, and Google names no first-party replacement for deferred deep linking. Google Analytics for Firebase is free, but it is not an MMP: it does not attribute installs across networks such as Meta and TikTok. The Firebase Dynamic Links replacement guide covers the migration.
What does an MMP cost at Android volumes?
Android-first apps hit volume early, and that is where per-conversion pricing bites. At published list rates, before any negotiated discount:
| Monthly paid installs | Linkrunner (USD card) | Linkrunner (INR card) | Singular Growth | AppsFlyer Growth |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 100k | $900 | ₹1 lakh | about $5k | about $7k |
| 500k | $4k | ₹4.5 lakh | about $25k | about $35k |
| 1M | $7k | ₹8 lakh | about $50k | about $70k |
Two caveats keep this fair. AppsFlyer and Singular bill per conversion, which can include re-engagements, while Linkrunner bills attributed installs only. And at 500k a month, most teams on AppsFlyer or Singular are on negotiated Enterprise contracts, not list rates.
The tier-2 problem is the ratio, not the headline. As our post on why legacy MMP pricing breaks down for tier-2 traffic shows, if a user is worth $0.10 over their lifetime, a $0.06 attribution fee takes 60 per cent of the revenue. At $0.007 to $0.012 per install, measurement stays a rounding error. Model your own numbers with the calculator below or read what an MMP costs.
Installs you track each month
Linkrunner monthly cost
$900Pay-as-you-go, no annual lock-in
- 0 to 10K$0.012
- 10K to 50K$0.010
- 50K to 100K$0.009
- 100K to 500K$0.008
- 500K +$0.007
- Installs100K
- × active rate$0.009
Compare with:
How to choose an MMP for an Android-first app
- Check the Install Referrer path first. Ask each vendor how it uses the Play Install Referrer, and test it on a real device before signing.
- Confirm deferred deep linking is on your plan, not a paid add-on or a higher tier.
- Price your next 12 months, not this month. Run the cost at 2x and 5x your current paid installs.
- Count Android-relevant networks, including India-native ones such as Jio Ads if you buy there.
- Ask about fraud on every plan. Cheap Android installs attract click flooding and install farms.
Building a game? Ad revenue changes the ranking, so see our best MMP for gaming apps in India.
Frequently asked questions
What is the best MMP for Android-first apps in 2026?
For India-heavy Android apps buying installs at volume, Linkrunner is the strongest fit: deterministic Play Install Referrer attribution, deferred deep links on every link, and $0.012 down to $0.007 per attributed install. AppsFlyer, Adjust and Singular suit teams that need the widest global partner list.
Does Android attribution still work without the Privacy Sandbox?
Yes. Android attribution today runs on the Google Play Install Referrer and, where consent allows, the GAID. Google announced in October 2025 that it was retiring several Privacy Sandbox technologies, including the Attribution Reporting API, so the deterministic path is still the main one.
Which MMPs include deferred deep linking on Android?
Linkrunner includes it on every plan, on by default. Singular includes it from its Free plan, Adjust lists it for all plans, and Kochava includes it with Free App Analytics. AppsFlyer includes it on Growth and Enterprise but not on Zero.
How much does an MMP cost for 100k Android installs a month?
At published rates, Linkrunner costs $900 (about ₹1 lakh on the INR card), Singular Growth about $5k and AppsFlyer Growth about $7k. Adjust and Branch are quote-only at that volume.
Why do tier-2 Android apps need a cheaper MMP?
Because revenue per user in tier-2 markets is low, a per-conversion fee of a few cents can take a large share of each user's lifetime value. Per-install pricing below a cent and a half keeps measurement from deciding which campaigns you can afford to run.
Is Firebase enough for an Android-first app?
Not for paid acquisition. Firebase Analytics is free but does not attribute installs across networks such as Meta and TikTok, and Firebase Dynamic Links shut down in August 2025.
If your app is Android-first and buys installs at volume, book a demo with Linkrunner and we will model your bill at your current install volume, or start on the 25k free installs.
